Of HealthDiabetes
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Kaya
Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital Endocrinology and metabolic diseases B. D. The history of diabetes is actually the history of one of the oldest known diseases. Diabetes mellitus is mentioned in ancient civilizations. Among these civilizations are Egyptian, Indian and Chinese civilizations, which we should consider as pioneers. In fact, diabetes mellitus was little mentioned in Ancient Greece. Maybe M. S. 4. in the century, we can say that Hippocrates studied topics related to diabetes and nutrition. But as far as we know from the Egyptian papyrus, the Doctor Who Talks About Diabetes 3. Do the kingdom
neminde, Hesi Ra. Hesi Ra describes polyuria (polyuria) in diabetes mellitus, i.e. excessive urination, saying that patients “need for thirst will not disappear if they drink all the water of the Nile"."Again in Indian Civilization 6. in the century, especially in Ayurveda, the sacred and philosophical book of Indians, we see the definition of diabetes and the boiling of insects and flies around urine in people who urinate excessively. The Chinese also made this decision. The Chinese also observed that insects come to their sweet urine.
The definition of diabetes comes from Anatolian lands. M.S. 150. in the years, the Cappadocia physician Aretaeus, who grew up in the country of beautiful horses from Cappadocia, used the name diabetes for the first time. As for the word, diabetes means jib, discrete foot/leg, or siphon, because Aretaeus mentions that the flesh and bone of diabetic patients flow as urine, and as a result, the patient has contracted a deadly disease.
The definition of diabetes comes from Anatolian lands. M. S. 150. the Doctor of Cappadocia, Aretaeus, who grew up in the country of beautiful horses from Cappadocia over the years, used the name diabetes for the first time. As for the word, diabetes refers to a jib, disjointed foot/leg, or siphon, because Aretaeus mentions that the flesh and bone of patients with diabetes mellitus flow as urine, and as a result, the patient suffers a fatal disease.
17 after that. in the century, Thomas Willis again found that the diabetic patient's urine was sweet and contained sugar. Dr. Dobson also mentioned that a sweet substance can be obtained by vaporizing this urine and that it can be used for diagnostic purposes. Then again 18. at the end of the 19th century. in the century, Claude Bernard took a huge step in the field of Physiology by finding that the sweet substance in this urine is glycogen in the liver.
There are many interesting things in the history of diabetes. There's luck, there's bad luck. There is pain, there is joy. Meanwhile, there are inventions of auxiliary personnel, inventions of medical students. One of them is 19. Langerhans in Berlin. When Langerhans was a medical student, he examined the pancreas under a microscope and found that there were different groups of cells in the pancreas, but he could not find the function of these groups of cells. But this different structure was later called islets, these were called Langerhans islets.
Subsequent studies have focused on what the function of Langerhans islets is. As a result of these studies, researchers and researchers agreed that Langerhans islets secrete extracts that help the digestive system. But the work of Minkowski and von Mering was important. A staff member noticed that insects, flies were gathering around the urine of these dogs while they were working on dogs whose pancreas had been removed to support this idea.
1901 is also an important year. In studies conducted in the United States, Yukinabi first identified that the destruction of Langerhans islets led to the development of diabetes, and for the first time he published this study. 1906 war years, I. For the first time, studies in Germany found that Pancras extract corrected diabetes in dogs or led to a decrease in glycemia levels, but unfortunately, the bombardment here, the destruction of the laboratory prevented these studies from continuing further. Two other similar studies were conducted at the Rockefeller Institute in Chicago on the same dates in 1910-11. Diluting pancreatic extract reduced blood sugar in dogs. But both Dr. Scott's supervisor did not allow this, and Rockefeller again had War years that delayed these studies.
1916 was an important year in the history of diabetes. Here we should talk about Roman Paulescu. Roman Nicolae Paulescu injected pancreatic extract into diabetic dog. Paulescu was aware that he had found an anti-diabetic substance, and published this study in 1921, that is, in Poland during the war years, in the Polish Medical Journal. But both the war years and the publication in Polish, unfortunately, prevented the discovery of insulin from going to Romania. However, Romanians still say that the discovery of insulin belongs to them.
After 1921, the famous American physician Alen first mentioned the hunger diet in diabetes and tried to cure patients by starving them. The year 1921 is actually the accepted year of discovery of insulin. Insulin was discovered by harp surgeon Banting and medical student Best in 1921 during studies in Toronto. Here, Professor MacLeod, head of the physiology laboratory, had great support. Later, Collip joined the team and purified the insulin.
The history of diabetes is actually the history of the presence and development of insulin in most places. This process goes like this; it is still the case. After the discovery of insulin, it continues to be associated with changes in the insulin molecule. First published in 1922 by Macleod Washington D.C.in a study, he gave the name “insulin” to the pancreatic extract, which he had previously called “Transmission”. After this date, this extract began to be used as insulin. It is also an important issue to whom insulin is used for the first time. Insulin was first used for 14-year-old Leonard Thompson, who died on January 11, 1922. At first, allergic reactions were encountered, but after 10-15 days, Leonard Thompson was given more purified insulin, and he was able to live until the age of 27. He died of pneumonia at the age of 27. The second person given insulin is Teddy rider. Teddy Rider received insulin on July 10, 1922, and Teddy Rider is one of the first insulin users in the world and the longest living person. He has been on insulin for 71 years. He died in 1993.
Not to mention the American Elizabeth Hughes in the history of insulin, of course, would be a deficiency. Elizabeth was the child of an American aristocratic family. He became diabetic at the age of 11. Dr. He was able to go to Allen, and the doctor Allen gave her starvation diets, but her condition got worse. At the initiative of his father, who was governor of New York, and the family, Banting was reached. Banting did not want to use insulin at first, but later agreed to give Elizabeth insulin. Elizabeth went down in history for a very long time, about 58 years, making a total of 44,000 injections and becoming famous for her social activities. On 25 October 1923, Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize. But when Banting claimed that best was also entitled to this award, Maclead claimed that Collip was also entitled, The award was shared by these four researchers.
The rights to use insulin are then sold to the University of Toronto for $ 1. And now it's time Eli Lilly stepped in. Eli Lilly contracts with the University of Toronto for production. In October 1923, insulin began to be sold commercially in North America.
In 1936, Sir Himsworth first mentioned insulin sensitivity in England. Therefore, it has taken its place in history as periods when the concepts of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes began to develop gradually. After these years, the question of whether there are two different forms of diabetes remained in mind. And 1936 is the year in Denmark when Hagedorn found NPH insulin by combining protamine obtained from fish sperm with insulin.
Banting is the physician who found and discovered insulin, and Banting is a military surgeon. He died on 21 February 1941 as a result of a plane crash in New Zealand while en route from Canada to England on a secret mission during the Second World War.
1958 is the Year in which insulin again won a Nobel Prize. For the first time, Frederick Sanger discovered the structure of insulin and thus received a Nobel Prize. This is actually the first protein to receive a Nobel Prize. This award is given to Sanger. Sanger was then the only person to receive a chemistry award again in the 1980s for his work on the structure of nucleic acid.
In 1959, diabetes was divided into insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In 1966, pancreatic transplantation was performed for the first time in Minnesota. The year 1967 was the 3rd. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Dorothy Hodgkin has won a chemistry award again for revealing the structure of insulin by X-ray scattering in its triple dimension. And 1971 is the year Clemens portable activated glucose measurements. 1982 is the year in which biosynthetic insulins were introduced and sold commercially.
diabetes wears out the spine
2007 is an important year. In 2007, the United Nations declared diabetes a global threat on December 20. And for the first time, he spoke of an epidemic of disease that is not an infectious disease, except AIDS, Tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Diabetes.
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