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Turkish history

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Turkish history

Mahmoud al-Kashgari map.jpg

First Age[show]

Middle Ages[show]

New Age[show]

Near Age[show]

gtd

The head of a statue believed to belong to Selçuk Bey and found in Iran. It is on display at the New York Museum of art.

A golden arch tie left over from Hiung-NU (300 BC ))

Turkish history is the common history of Turkish communities that spoke the Turkish language among modern Turkish peoples and foreign peoples. Turkic-speaking communities that existed before the göktürks are referred to by some historians as pre-Turkic rather than Turkish.

There are claims that the Turks ' first appearance on the stage of history as a political community was with the reign of the Hun (Hiung-nular or Shiongnular).[1][2]. Although there is debate about the beginning, the history of the Turks is an important part of the history of the world. The history of every people that emerged in Eurasia and North Africa was influenced remotely or closely by the movements of the Turks. The Turks also played an important role in moving Eastern cultures to the West and Western cultures to the East. Their own religion has been many times a pioneer and defender of the foreign religions they adopted after Tengricism, and they have enabled their spread and development (Mani religion, Judaism, Buddhism, Orthodox and Nasturi Christianity, Islam).

Content

1 beginning of Turkish history

1.1 BC 3. century

1.2 BC 2. century

1.3 BC 1. century

1.4 1. century

1.5 2. century

1.6 3. century

1.7 4. century

1.8 5. century

2 Middle Ages / Turks

2.1 6th century

3 7. century

3.1 Central Asia

3.2 Eastern Europe

4 8. century

4.1 Central Asia

4.2 Eastern Europe

5 9. century

5.1 Central Asia

5.2 Eastern Europe

5.3 pre-Asia and Africa

6 10. century

6.1 Central Asia

6.2 Eastern Europe

6.3 front Asia and Africa

7 11. century

7.1 Central Asia

7.2 Eastern Europe

7.3 Front Asia

7.4 South Asia

8 12. century

8.1 Front Asia

8.2 Iran and Central Asia

8.3 South Asia

8.4 Eastern Europe

9 13. century

9.1 pre-Asia and the Middle East

9.2 Central Asia

9.3 South Asia

9.4 Eastern Europe

9.5 14. century

9.6 15. century

9.6.1 Front Asia

9.6.2 Central Asia

9.6.3 South Asia

9.6.4 Eastern Europe

10 New Age

10.1 16. century

10.1.1 Eastern Europe

10.1.2 Central Asia

10.1.3 Front Asia

10.1.4 South Asia

10.1.5 Africa

10.2 17. century

10.2.1 Eastern Europe

10.2.2 Front Asia

10.2.3 Central Asia

10.2.4 South Asia

10.2.5 Africa

10.3 18. century

10.3.1 Eastern Europe

10.3.2 Front Asia

10.3.3 Central Asia

10.3.4 South Asia

10.3.5 Africa

10.4 19. century

10.4.1 Eastern Europe

10.4.2 Front Asia

10.4.3 Central Asia

10.4.4 South Asia

10.4.5 Africa

10.5 20. century

10.6 21. century

11 books

11.1 books in Turkish

11.2 foreign books

12see also

13 bibliography

Beginning of Turkish history

The process of nationalization of human communities living on earth begins with their transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer-Shepherd.[3]. It is believed that the human communities that would form the Turks began sheep farming in 6000 BC.[4] this date can be considered as the beginning of nomadic Turkish Culture on horseback.

They argue that the ancestors of the Turks began with the Afanasiyevo culture between 2500 BC and 1700 BC and continued with the Andronovo culture between 1700 BC and 1200 BC. It is known that this race had a warrior and nomadic culture, and spread in masses between the Altay Mountains and the God Mountains after 1700 BC.[2]

Turkish HistoryHe.3rd place 2.jpg

3 BC. century

312 BC: establishment of the Great Hun State (Hiung-nu) and war of the North between China/Hiung-nu

240 BC: Building China's wall against the steppe peoples: the Great Wall of China

209 BC: death of Hiung-nu leader Teoman and mete becoming the leader of the Hiung-NU (Huns)

201 BC: first mention of the Kyrgyz people

201 BC: siege of Pe-Theng

Turkish HistoryHe.2nd place 2jpg

2 BC. century

187 BC: Pa-i-Teng expedition on Hiung-nu of China

177 BC-165 BC: the Yue-Chi were driven from Kansu to Bactriane by Hiung-nular and eliminated the Hellenic Kingdom there

177 BC-165 BC: influx of Hiung-NUS into China

138 BC-126 BC: Embassy of Chang Kien in Bactria. China-Iran relations

2 BC. century: Asian Hun State(great Hun State) destroyed

Turkish HistoryHe.1st place 2jpg

1 BC. century

Turkish history BC.65 b.jpg

49 BC-36 BC: migration of Cicsi to Talas (Western Hiung-nu)

Turkish history 1nciYY.jpg

1. century

48: hiung-NU subdivisions (north Hiung-nu and South Hiung-nu)

93: the hiung-NUS are defeated by the Sienpis (Sien-pi)

Turkish history 2nd.jpg

2. century

Hun presence in lower ITIL (north of the Caspian Sea)

Turkish history 300 years.jpg

3. century

260: Tabgaclar north of Şan-şi

Turkish history year400.jpg

4. century

304-351: hiung-nu kingdoms in northern China (Han Zhao, Hou Zhao)

388-392: Kingdom of Ding ling (Wei) in northern China)

374-375: crossing the Don River by the European Huns

386-409: Tabgaks In Northern China (North Vey)

395: Migration Of Tribes

5. century

Turkish History 451.jpg

402: establishment of Rouran (Yuan Yuan/Avars?)

407-431: Kingdom of Hiung-nu (Xia) in northern China)

422: takeover of Lo-yang by Tabgach

427: alliance of the Romans and Huns

434: Treaty of Margos between Byzantium and the Huns

440: start of Ak Hun (Eftalite) invasions

451: Attila in Gaul (today France)

452: Attila's Roman expedition and Pope John I Meeting with Leo

480: front lines between the Caspian Sea and the Danube

480: Ak Huns ' aid to the Sassanids in the Mazdek rebellion

Middle Ages / Turks

Turkish history year500.jpg

6th century

Turkish History 565.jpg

531-578: construction of the Caucasus walls by Khosrev of Iran

534: dissolution of the Tabgach (Vey Dynasty)

552: Tu-kiulerin (Turkutes/Göktürks) uprising against rouran rule. Establishment of the first Gokturk Khaganate.

565: the elimination of the Ak Huns (Eftalites) by the Göktürks

582: division of the first Gokturk Khaganate

Turkish History 600.jpg

7. century

Central Asia

630: eastern Gokturk Khaganate came under Chinese rule, Western Gokturk Khaganate came under Chinese influence

639: Göktürk Prince Kürşad's attempt at Revolution in the Chinese palace

659: the entry of the Western Gokturk Khaganate into Chinese rule

673-674: Arabs reach Maveraünnehir and besiege Bukhara.

674: mercenary Turkish soldiers (Mamluks) began to appear in Arab armies

681: establishment of the second Gokturk Khaganate

699: establishment of the Türgish Khanate (in the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan)

Eastern Europe

616: Avars besieged Istanbul for the first time

621: Slavic uprising under Avars, acceleration of Slavicization of Balkans

626: Avars besieged Istanbul for a second time and began to decline as a result of heavy losses

626-627: Eastern Roman Emperor Heracleios asks for help from the Khazars, the Khazars invade the Caucasus, defeating the Sassanids

630: independence of the Khazars in the Don-Volga Basin, connected to the Western Gokturk Khaganate, and establishment of the Great Bulgarian Khanate in the north of the Black Sea

651-652: War of the Khazars with the Arab empire, which destroyed the Sassanids and captured all of Iran

678: division of the Great Bulgarian Khanate by the pressure of the Khazars to the West

680: Bulgarians landing in the Balkans establish the first Bulgarian state

Division of Bulgarians:

Turkish History 650.jpg

Turkish History 678.jpg

Turkish History 680.jpg

Turkish History 700.jpg

8. century

Central Asia

705-715: Arabs take Maveraünnehir

720-735: erecting Orkhun monuments in Ötüken

721-737: attack of the Turgish against the Arabs

744: destruction of the second Gokturk Khaganate by the revolting Uyghurs, Karluks and Basmiller

745: establishment of the Uyghur Khaganate, the founding of an independent Khanate in present-day Kazakhstan

750: the beginning of the softening of Turkish-Arab relations with the passing of the Abbasids to the head of the Arab Empire

751: the Chinese entered Central Asia, the Arabs defeated the Chinese with the help of the Karluks at the Battle of Talas, the Karluks began to convert to Islam

762: Uyghur Khaganate's aid to the Tang dynasty in China in the suppression of The an-Lu-song uprising

765: the Uyghur Khan Bögü adopted the Mani religion

766: dissolution of the Turgish Khanate by defeating the Karluks associated with the Uyghur Khanate, establishment of the autonomous Karluk Khanate, the Oghuz who fled the Karluks and migrated to the vicinity of the Caspian and Aral lakes laid the foundations of the Oghuz Yabgu State

789-795 throne struggles and decline in Uyghur Khaganate

Eastern Europe

713-737 Caspian-Arab War, the loss of the Khazars to the Caucasus

716: the first written agreement of the Bulgarian Khanate of the Danube with the Byzantine Empire and the beginning of tax collection

717-718: assistance of the Bulgarians to Byzantium against the siege of Istanbul by the Arabs

740: acceptance of Judaism by the Khazars as the official religion

745-775: Bulgarian-Byzantine struggle

764: invasion of the Caucasus and west of Iran by the Khazars defeating the Abbasids

780: establishment of the Bulgarian Khanate of Itil

792: after the Battle of Markeli, Byzantium began to tax the Bulgarians again

796: invasion by the Franks of the Avar Khaganate, stuck in the Hungarian Plain

Turkish history 800 years.jpg

9. century

Khazar Khanate at the height of its power

Central Asia

821: Uighurs repel Tibetans

832: the fall of the Uyghur Khaganate into turmoil