The 41st UNESCO event was held in Krakow, Poland on 9 July 2017. At the meeting of the World Heritage Committee, it was decided to register the archaeological site of the ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) in the Karacasu district of Aydin on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The archaeological city of Aphrodisias has temples, a theatre, a gathering place and two baths.
Where is the ancient city of Aphrodisias? History and ruins
Aphrodisias ancient city, Aphrodisias ancient name, is an ancient city located in Karacasu district of Aydın province in the Aegean region of Turkey. The ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) is one of the most magnificent examples of the ancient Greek and Roman periods. Aphrodisias, famous for the temple of Aphrodite, the most important goddess of the city in History, 2 BC. century A.D. by 6. he lived a long and wealthy life until the century. During this long time, it has witnessed many historical changes. Since the ancient city of Aphrodisias is close to the marble quarries, marble samples used in sculpture have spread to all regions from here. The Temple of Aphrodite in the city dates back to the 3rd century BC, and the city itself dates back a century later. The area consists of the archaeological city of Aphrodisias and marble quarries in the north of the city. Its wealth comes from marble quarries. UNESCO Turkey's site notes that the most important feature of the city is “the deep cultural impact it has left in the Mediterranean basin, where sculptural works processed by local schools are spread from marble extracted from quarries located in the area of existence”. The UNESCO Turkey site states that the ancient city of Aphrodisias is “a settlement that reflects very well the architectural and urban features of the Greek-Roman period”.
History Of The Ancient City Of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) Aphrodite, who is mentioned as a goddess of love and beauty in mythology, Aphrodisias, who took the name Aphrodite, known to all of you, was used as a temple, especially in the ancient Roman era, and its sheltered existence to the present day, has added fame to her fame. As the most important archaeological site in Turkey, it has been taken to the World Cultural Heritage.
The ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) has a history dating back to 5000 BC. the famous temple of Aphrodite 6 BC. it was built in the century and seems to have been a small residential area until then. But in the Roman era, it went to urbanization BC 2. it is seen in the century. According to the accounts at the time of urbanization, it is estimated that 15 thousand people lived here. 1 BC. in the century, it was taken under its own protection by the Roman Emperor Augustus. 1 BC. in the 200 years leading up to the century, serious monuments were made to this city.
In the ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias), there are 2 agora, i.e. the city square, along with the most preserved Stadium and the portico of Tiberius, surrounded by columns. Aphrodisias, the city of the Roman Emperors, 3 BC. it appears to have been the capital of Caria province in the century. 4 BC. in the century, it was surrounded by walls. But after 2 centuries, it gradually began to lose its reputation. The Roman Empire, which converted to Christianity, turned the temple of Aphrodite into a church. Between 1100 and 1200, the settlement gradually disappeared. The city has created a new school with Aphrodisias style in the construction of sculpture. It still makes its name with its wonderful marble sculptures in the 2nd and 4th centuries BC.
Not only marble, of course, Astronomy has developed a lot because it has become the center of the temple. He also appears to have developed in the field of Medicine. Roman Emperor Hadrian especially played a role in the construction of stadiums, theatres, baths, odeon, agora.
Bronze Age, archaic and Classical period, Hellenistic and Byzantine periods
In the ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias), there are also traces from the Bronze Age period. During excavations in the ruins of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias), the Acropolis and molasses Hill mounds were discovered. Even at these times, its development as a trade and culture is observed. In addition, a necropolis left over from this period, i.e. the cemetery, can be seen on the borders of the village of Güzelbeyli.
Traces of archaic and Classical period settlement were also found in the ceramic layers used in the Lydian civilization around the Acropolis hill mound and the Temple of Aphrodite. It was also found that the cult of Aphrodite was not just a place of faith. This place is full of idols called many gods, and it is also seen to be used as a center of faith. The presence of the Anatolian goddesses Cybele, Ishtar and Asterte cults of Pre-Asian origin appear. Towards the end of the Hellenistic period, the ancient cities of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) and Plarasa were very developed with the administrations of the family of the Roman Emperor Julius Claudius. The “Manierist style” sculptural art that we mentioned earlier emerged from here.
During the Byzantine period, Christianity increasingly showed its influence. The fact that the Temple of Aphrodite was the Church of the city, which became the chief Bishopric of the region of Caria, is one of the greatest evidence of this. 11 BC. until the century, the city gradually lost its importance with the influx of Arabs and Visigoths, as well as its political and religious problems. Turkish Period
11 to 13. between the centuries, it was taken by the Seljuks and placed in these regions by Turkmen tribes. After that, the Menteşe Principality came under the rule of Aydınoğulları.
In 1413, the Ottoman Sultan 2. Murat added This area, which is the region, to the Ottoman territory under the name Karacasu.In 1867, as a district of Aydın province, it has survived to this day.
Ruins Of The Ancient City Of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias)
The story of finding the city is very interesting. Ara Güler, a famous photographer, loses his way to this village and falls decisively. He sees that columns and stones belonging to the city are in village squares and houses. Because it was marble, the village people used it for their daily work. Dec Guler took his photos and showed them to many experts. But he didn't get any attention. He sent these photos to a magazine in the United States. He's asked for more photos. He goes back to the same place. He takes photos and prepares his article. Kenan Erim deals with the subject and begins excavations by obtaining the necessary permissions.
The first excavations in the ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) were carried out by Paul Gaudin in 1904-1905. The beginning of the Aphrodisias excavations, which are still ongoing and coordinated by New York University, is based on Kenan Erim, who dedicated his entire career here from 1961 until his death.
New York and Oxford University are currently leading the study. Professor of Classical Archaeology and art at Oxford's Lincoln chair R.R.R. Smith and professor at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University Christopher Ratte 1 square kilometer area from the fortification walls 1. It has been recorded as a degree site. Due to the richness of the ruins, the Geyre Museum, which was built at the beginning of the excavations, was insufficient to establish a new Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) Museum. On June 1, 2008, The Sebasteion-Sevgi Gönül Hall was opened in the ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) in addition to the museum.
Temple Of Aphrodite
The most important structure of the ancient city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) is the Temple of Aphrodithe, which still stands upright. The first construction of the temple was in the Archaic period. Assyrians from Nineveh, fleeing the Medes and Babylonians, settled here. Descriptions of Assyrian king Ninos and his wife Semiramis on a relief during the excavations confirm this thesis. The temple, built in the original Ionian style in Anatolia, is believed to have been a work started by Zoilos that lasted more than 150 years. The Temple of Aphrodite, which developed itself with new additions in each period, was surrounded by Holy walls with the Roman Emperor Hadrian.
The temple of Aphrodithe was a place where people belonging to the polytheistic, Pagan religion, made a kind of pilgrimage. The structure is similar to Artemis of Ephesus. After the transition to Christianity, church figures were added to the temple.
Tetrapylon
It is the gate at the entrance to the Temple of Aphrodite. The entrance to the temple was passed through this door for the ceremony. Just east of Tetrapylon lies the white marble tomb of Kenan Erim, who dedicated his life to this city, repairing and strengthening it.
Odeon and Bishop's Palace
Odeon and Bishop's Palace are south of the Temple of Aphrodite and were accidentally discovered in 1962. This semicircular structure was damaged by earthquakes between 200 and 400 years ago. Used for poetry reading, pantomime, fine speech, concerts, musicals and public assemblies, this structure can accommodate 1,000 people. On an elevation to the northwest of the Odeon stands the mausoleum of a famous or rich man of the era. After the adoption of Christianity, the Odeon was used as the bishop's Palace.
Agoras It was used as a popular meeting place. It has a colonnaded entrance at a distance of 200 meters in the east-west direction and consists of two long porticos in the ion style. Baths and Hadrian The city council gave him a private bath due to the arrival of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. It consists of two large sections in which men and women bathe separately.. This bath, called Hadrian's Bath, has a large pool. In total, there are 4 different sections in the bath with dressing (apodetarium), coldness (frigidarium), warmth (tepidarium) and temperature (kaldarium). Sandstone was used in the construction and there are marble slabs covering the surface of the bath. A heating system of the era called hypocaust is seen in this bath. At that time, heating was being done under the bath with dehliz and complex galleries.
Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) Ancient Theatre Prof. Dr. Erim had a serious problem with the excavations. Because the village of Geyre was above the theater. A new village of geyre was built and the village moved. Excavation began in 1966. During the excavations of the Ancient Theater, the lower part of the two-part seating rows (lower kavea) and the lower floor of the stage building were recovered intact. In addition, many prehistoric and post-historic sculptures and relief remains were found during the excavations. Many valuable sculptures were also found in the stage building. Zoilos, who changed the fate of the city of Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias), is the one who also built the theater. Zoilos is the slave of Octavian, who played an influential role in establishing good relations between Aphrodisias and Rome and managed to be exempt from the city's tax. In the inscription in proskenion, Zoilos is described as” the man whom the son of the Holy Julius (Octavianus) freed". The eastern part of the mound, called the theatre Acropolis hill, was carved. The upper side of the theater, whose rows of seats consist of two parts, was dismantled during the construction of the castle in the Byzantine era. The stage building of the theater, which looks like a common work of Doric, Ion and Corinthian Styles, is the oldest three-storey stage building in Anatolia. A bust statue of Aphrodite, statues of Apollo and Melpomene were found under this scene.
The Roman Emperor Marcus Avrelius (161-180) congregated part of the orchestra, and the lower steps of the seating rows for the arena, where gladiators and wild animals fought, were dismantled and deepened.
Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) Sebasteion In 1979, Prof. During the excavations of Canaan Erim, he found a temple belonging to the family of Goddess Aphrodite and Julia Cladius, the first emperors of the Roman Empire. Inscriptions on the structure say it was a Sebasteion. It means great in Greek. Sebasteion there is no other sebasteion east of Rome so large and especially rich in reliefs.
Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) Stadium Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) Stadium is the best preserved and most magnificent work of the city, but it is the best preserved of the old stadiums in the Aegean region. It is one of the best stadiums in the world with a capacity of 30 thousand, a width of 50 meters and a length of 262 meters. The stadium, made in an elliptical shape and made in a technique where everyone can watch more comfortably, is located in the north of the city. Athletics games, Public votes, festivals and many competitions were here.
Aphrodisias (Aphrodisias) is open 7 days a week for those who want to visit the ancient city. Opening hours if you want to visit the Aphrodisias Museum: Monday: Closed Tuesday: 08: 00-17: 00 Wednesday: 08: 00-17: 00 Thursday: 08: 00-17: 00 Friday: 08: 00-17: 00 Saturday: 08: 00-17: 00
Note: The Aphrodisias museum is open until 18:00 in summer seasons.
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